Georgia Coastal Health District

Summer is under way and as more people make their way outside for summertime activities, Coastal Health District officials want to remind residents to take precautions to avoid mosquitoes. Mosquito bites are annoying but can also cause diseases such as West Nile Virus (WNV), Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), and Chikungunya.

WNV is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. About 80 percent of people infected with WNV will not show any symptoms at all; however, cases can range from mild to severe. Mosquitoes that carry the West Nile Virus are more likely to bite during the evening, night, and early morning. EEE is a mosquito-borne virus that causes swelling of the brain. In horses, it is fatal 70 to 90 percent of the time. Horse and large animal owners are encouraged to vaccinate their animals against the virus and to clean out watering sources, such as buckets and troughs, every three-to-four days to prevent mosquitoes from breeding there. The most common symptoms of Chikungunya are fever and joint pain and symptoms usually begin 3–7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), reported cases of Chikungunya thus far in 2015 have occurred in travelers returning from affected areas including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

“The common thread among these illnesses is that they are transmitted through mosquito bites,” said Diane Weems, M.D., Coastal Health District Health Director. “The more precautions we take against getting bitten by mosquitoes the better our chances are of avoiding any mosquito-borne diseases.”

Mosquito Prevention

The best way to prevent mosquito-related diseases is to avoid mosquito bites. Mosquitoes breed in standing water which is why it is important to remove water-holding containers (buckets, barrels, flower pots, tarps, etc.; drill holes in tire swings so water drains out; keep children’s wading pools empty and on their sides when they’re not being used; change water frequently in pet dishes; change bird bath water at least twice a week; and avoid using saucers under outdoor potted plants.

The following tips can help lessen the risk of getting bitten by mosquitoes:

• DRAIN all standing water.
• Avoid DAWN and DUSK when mosquitoes are most active.
• DRESS appropriately in long sleeves and pants.
• DEFEND or DEET yourself against mosquitoes with an effective repellent. Repellents containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, and oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products provide long lasting protection.
• DOORS and windows should be in good condition.

Chickenpox, a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella virus, has been confirmed in two students attending the Savannah College of Art and Design’s (SCAD) Savannah campus. Additional probable cases are under investigation. Chatham County Health Department and SCAD officials are working together to prevent the spread of the disease by educating students and staff and promoting immunization against varicella.

The most recognized symptom of chickenpox is an itchy rash. Other symptoms include fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, and headache. The virus is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes and can also be spread by touching or breathing in the virus particles that come from the chickenpox blisters. It takes from 10 to 21 days after exposure to a person with chickenpox for someone to develop chickenpox. A person with chickenpox can spread the disease from one to two days before they get the rash until all their chickenpox blisters have formed scabs.

“We are working closely with Savannah College of Art and Design administration to ensure that we provide appropriate information to all students and faculty,” said Diane Weems, M.D., Health Director for the Coastal Health District. “We want to make sure that people are aware of the symptoms and know that the best way to keep from getting the virus is to get vaccinated and the best way to keep from spreading the virus is to stay away from others until their lesions have turned into scabs.”

Most healthy people recover from chickenpox in five to 10 days; however, infants, adults, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems who have not been vaccinated and get the chickenpox can suffer from mild to serious complications.

For more information on chickenpox go to www.cdc.gov/chickenpox.

More than half – 101 out of 181 – Georgia school districts are now tobacco-free. Emanuel County Schools, Lowndes County Schools and Jenkins County Schools all recently implemented Georgia’s 100% Tobacco-Free School policy leading to this milestone in the Georgia Department of Public Health’s (DPH) work to protect the state’s children from the harmful effects of tobacco use and second-hand smoke.

Under the 100% Tobacco-Free School policy no student, staff member or school visitor is permitted to use any tobacco product or E-cigarette, at any time on school property. Eighty Georgia school districts have not signed the policy.

“Tobacco-free schools save lives,” said Jean O’Connor, JD, DrPH, director of Chronic Disease Prevention for DPH. “Ninety percent of Georgia’s smokers started using tobacco before the age of 18, and by eliminating tobacco use—including e-cigarettes—in schools, we can reduce the likelihood children in Georgia will start to use tobacco as well as protect children and adults from the effects of secondhand smoke.”

Tobacco use causes heart disease, cancer, diabetes and premature death. In a young person, smoking can damage the heart and lungs right away and in some cases, the damage never goes away. Studies show that eliminating tobacco smoke in an environment can reduce the incidence of heart attack related hospital admissions by between 10 and 40 percent.

“Young people are extremely sensitive to nicotine and the younger they are when they start using tobacco, the more likely they are to develop addiction to nicotine, and begin a lifetime of chronic disease,” said Brenda Fitzgerald, M.D., commissioner of the Georgia Department of Public Health. “That makes prevention in Georgia schools right now so critical.”

School districts can get help from local health departments to implement the 100% Tobacco-Free School policy. Each Health District in Georgia has a health promotion coordinator who can present the policy to the local school board and work with school administrators to implement it. In addition, youth empowerment teams will disseminate anti-smoking messages through media and social media.

All Georgians, including students, 13 to 17 years old, can call the Georgia Tobacco Quit Line at 1-877-270-STOP (7867) or 1-877-2NO-FUME (877-266-3863) and receive confidential counseling on how to quit smoking.

For more information about the harmful effects of smoking and tobacco use in young people, click here. To learn more about DPH’s efforts to help schools become tobacco-free, visit the Chronic Disease Prevention section’s Tobacco-Free and Smoke-Free environments website.